Make your writing count

CONTENTS of MODULE 7

7.1	Objectives
7.2	Plagiarism
7.3	Citing in your chosen style
7.4	Managing references using EndNote
7.5	Review

More Information

	UNSW Learning Centre :: Online Academic Skills Resources: Referencing & Plagiarism
	Monash University Library :: Style examples

7.3 Citing in your chosen style

When you write, you need to cite.

In academic writing you are required to always acknowledge the sources of information, ideas and opinions read and referred to, using an appropriate referencing style. This is known as citing.

There are many citing or referencing styles to choose from. Each gives guidelines as to what information is required and how to present it, in creating your references. Referencing styles are usually created by an organisation or institution, e.g. Harvard or the American Psychological Association (APA), or by publishers themselves, e.g. Journal of Biological Chemistry. All styles require the inclusion of a list of references (works cited) at the end of the work. In the body of the work some styles use in-text citation, while others use footnotes.

Which is your Style?

Some schools or Faculties have a required style. Check your course handout or ask your lecturer before you start. If there is no required style, choose a style and use it correctly and consistently.

In-text citations

Example of in-text citation

The history of the study of British salt marsh vegetation, particularly its development from the earliest approaches of Tansley (1939), has been reviewed .... and the publication of the final volume on salt marsh communication is eagerly awaited (Rodwell, 1999).

Excerpt taken from: Boorman, L.A. (1999). Salt marshes - present functioning and future change. Mangroves and Salt Marshes, 3(4), 227-241.

Please refer to UNSW Learning Centre link for details of in-text citation in different styles.

Common examples:
"In-text citations " in Harvard Style
"In-text citations " in APA Style

How to set out your list of references at the end of your essay - example in APA style

References should be listed in alphabetical order by author:

Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, Population Health Division. (2003). Australia's Strategy to Eliminate Measles. Retrieved March 8, 2003, from http://immunise.health.gov.au/measles.htm

Bradley, P. (2000). Should childhood immunization be compulsory? In P. Bradley, & A. Burls (Eds), Ethics in public and community health (pp. 167-176). London: Routledge.

Campbell, N.A., Reece, J.A., & Mitchell, L.G. (1999). Biology (5th ed.). Menlo Park: Benjamin/Cummings.

Uren, B. (2002). The ethics of stem cell research: five arguments and a critique. Eureka Street , 12(10), 9-11.

Note on the citation format in APA style

This is an Internet site:
Author's last name and initial (if known) or organisational name (Year of last update). Title of work (if available). Retrieved month day, year, from source [ie. URL].

This is a book chapter:
Author of chapter. (Year of publication). Chapter title. In Editor(s) of book, Title of book. (edition, chapter pages). Place of publication: Publisher.

This is a book:
Author/editor(s). (Year of publication). Title of book. (edition). Place of publication: Publisher.

This is a journal article:
Author of journal article. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume of journal (issue number of journal), article pages.

For details of different styles, link to one of the sites listed under "More Information" above.